Universal cancer vaccine

Universal use of inactivated polio vaccine.

OBJECTIVES To present an update on the status of poliomyelitis worldwide, number of cases per year, regions most affected by the disease, vaccines currently available, their risks and benefits, monovalent vaccine use, risks of disseminating a mutant virus in the community, progress that has been made in terms of worldwide eradication and the World Health Organization's (WHO) proposals in this t...

Challenges for a universal Staphylococcus aureus vaccine.

This review considers the reasons why the staphylococcal vaccine trials may have failed, based on new information about protective immunity against Staphylococcus aureus. The clinical trials and future vaccine candidate antigens are reviewed. Challenges facing the development of a universal S. aureus vaccine are also considered. The lack of a biomarker that is able to predict protection is a ma...

Prospects of HA-Based Universal Influenza Vaccine

Current influenza vaccines afford substantial protection in humans by inducing strain-specific neutralizing antibodies (Abs). Most of these Abs target highly variable immunodominant epitopes in the globular domain of the viral hemagglutinin (HA). Therefore, current vaccines may not be able to induce heterosubtypic immunity against the divergent influenza subtypes. The identification of broadly ...

A universal mammalian vaccine cell line substrate

Using genome-wide small interfering RNA (siRNA) screens for poliovirus, influenza A virus and rotavirus, we validated the top 6 gene hits PV, RV or IAV to search for host genes that when knocked-down (KD) enhanced virus permissiveness and replication over wild type Vero cells or HEp-2 cells. The enhanced virus replication was tested for 12 viruses and ranged from 2-fold to >1000-fold. There wer...

Strategy for approving a universal flu vaccine